There were at least two men named Montezuma in Aztec history. The most famous were Montezuma I and Montezuma II. Montezuma I (1398-1469) became the Aztec emperor in 1440. This happened after both the assassination of his brother Chimalpopoca and the subsequent death of his half-uncle Itzcoatl (both had succeeded Montezuma I’s father, Huitzilihuitl, the first Aztec emperor). He had been a general in the Aztec army, and was elected “Great Speaker” which meant he spoke for Tenochtitlan and other tribes under Aztec control. Under his rule the Empire of the Aztecs of the Triple Alliance was established and its power in Mesoamerica was consolidated.
Montezuma II (1466-1520) was the great-grandson of Montezuma I. He is more widely known as he was the Aztec emperor that made contact with – and later was made prisoner by – Cortes and the Conquistadores. His, and the Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire, is a complex story that fills many a book – and is too great to recount here. Montezuma II saw the expansion of the Aztec Empire to its greatest heights, and also saw it fall. His final humiliating act was to be forced by his Spanish captors to appear on a balcony to entreat his people to back off their siege of the Conquistadores. He was then killed by his own enraged Aztecs while speaking to them by a thrown or slung rock.
Both of these men named Montezuma certainly sacrificed thousands upon thousands of victims on the altars of their god Huitzilopochtli. There are also multiple spellings for Montezuma – but I will use this one!

In my supplement for games of Feudal Patrol™, Civilizations Collide, Montezuma (either one) can be deployed as an overall commander or as a hero. In this role, he can stiffen his own troops resolve – as his presence on the battlefield reminds all of his minions that the price of failure or retreat is a trip to the sacrificial altar. I have discussed the game on previous posts, as well as my supplement. See the links at the end of this post to learn more. You can download Civilizations Collide for free on Sally 4th’s website here or the Feudal Patrol™ website here.
Wargames Foundry makes AZ011 “Emperor Montezuma and Chieftains”, and I acquired a blister from Badger Games. All are 28mm, and metal. The figures are of Montezuma (not defined as to which one), four battle chieftains/leaders, and a warrior priest. I did not take many WIP shots of all the figures – but this time I’ll handle each one in turn and share a bit about each one, starting with Montezuma.
Click on any of the images for a larger view!
Montezuma
This figure really challenged me, but the sculpt was quite nice, and my favorite of the lot. I really wanted his cloak and feather work to pop. I ended up using a lot of inks on all of these figures here – and I used a gloss varnish over them to protect the work. This proved to be a good call (similar to what I did with the Shorn Ones).
Below, you will see final shots of the completed Montezuma figure. I used a yellow ink (Vallejo Game Ink) to achieve the color on off-white on the cloak border. I’m pretty happy with the shading on the cloak. This was the most freehand detail that I’ve attempted on a cloak. I was inspired by cloaks that I have seen done by The Imperfect Modeler on his blog – an example of his artistry can be seen here – check him out.
Aztec Chieftain/Captain (ACP1)
I designated this figure as ACP1. These chieftains (ACP1-4) will be leaders of warbands or higher, but will serve under the generals. The first one looked almost like a Shorn One except for the haircut. I did not really like the face on the sculpt, but overall I think it’s ok. His crown was odd compared to other Aztec stuff I’ve seen, so I made it yellow. He’s armed with a tepoztopilli (an obsidian-edged thrusting spear) and has a nice big shield that both were part of the figure. His tlahuiztli (suit) is supposed to be feathered.
AZTEC CHIEFTAIN/CAPTAIN (ACP2)
This figure had an almost Roman-like look – except the tall feather headdress gives it away. That, and it has a feathered tlahuiztli that I painted blue also. This miniature had a drum for signaling mounted on the rack on his back. This drum would motivate me to use it as an example and make a drum for the ACP3 figure as you’ll see later (which had nothing on its back rack). He is armed with a macuahuitl (obsidian-edged club/broadsword), and his shield was a Wargames Foundry one that I repainted and gave a more fancy look with the two-colored circle and frets.
AZTEC CHIEFTAIN/CAPTAIN (ACP3)
This figure made me think a bit and as previously mentioned caused me to put a little more work into it. It had a back rack, but nothing to put on it – and the painting example on the websites did not either. Why would it have a rack without anything to carry?
Therefore, I decided that a small signaling drum would be appropriate to sculpt and add. I used some styrene bits, paper clip wire, and green stuff to make a drum. View the gallery below left to right and top to bottom.
Here you see ACP3 on left (no drum) with ACP2’s drum. Started w/a styrene tube and thin styrene circles for the top. Then I drilled two holes for paperclip wires. Love this stuff to bond styrene. I used two paperclip wires for the mounting to the figure’s back rack. I then filled the tube with Gorilla Glue, adding two more wires vertically to seat into the green stuff bottom, and let it dry. The drum is shown here before adding the green stuff. The sculpted drum is complete next to ACP3. ACP with the drum mounted. ACP2 (left) and ACP3 (right) with their respective drums.
Here is the completed ACP3 below. I think the drum worked out well enough for the tabletop. It has a macuahuitl behind the shield. The figure’s shield frets were a bit uneven, so I did not give them any additional painting details. I wanted the shield to be eye-catching – thought the white rim here is a bit more bright in the photo than in real life.
AZTEC CHIEFTAIN/CAPTAIN (ACP4)
I looked at this figure and frankly thought the helmet and headdress to be a bit odd for an Aztec warrior. Still, if it’s in the blister, I paint it! I did also give it an updated small shield. This figure is also armed with a macuahuitl.
AZTEC warrior priest (Awp4)
This is the one warrior priest in the blister. It actually looks inspired by the image in John Pohl’s 1991 Osprey Book Aztec, Mixtec, and Zapotec Armies – Men-at-Arms. That image shows a Zapotec (as opposed to an Aztec) warrior priest wearing the flayed skin of a defeated enemy. Now, Aztecs did also flay their enemies (in addition to sacrifices and other horrors). Diaz (a contemporary of Cortes and the author of the 16th century book The History of the Conquest of New Spain) described finding the flayed (and yet still-bearded) faces of fallen Conquistadores hanging in captured Aztec villages and cities. My guess is that it is likely that an Aztec warrior priest could have worn a flayed enemy skin to intimidate his enemies on the battlefield. In any case, this is the fourth warrior priest I have painted.
The figure’s flayed suit was somewhat negatively affected (less realistic) by the position in which the flayed feet were sculpted in my opinion. The flayed hands hang loosely over the warrior priest’s hands, and look appropriate (for flayed hands). However, the skinned feet stick out here oddly as you’ll see below. I am sure they would have flopped loosely – as indeed the ones do in Pohl’s book. The back banner was pretty large and came in two pieces. I needed to use green stuff to reinforce part of it but I thought it fun to assemble.
Lastly, I did not know what color a flayed skin would have. I’m assuming it would be like a tanned animal skin, but that would not negate any necrotic colors (or smells I’m sure). Luckily, I’ve not seen (or smelled) anyone who has been flayed!
So, I decided to use a couple of paints – Citadel “Contrast Paint – Plaguebearer Flesh” highlighted and dry brushed with a layer paint – Citadel “Flayed One Flesh”. Not sure if this worked – you can let me know! His suit is a bit on the zombie green side. The figure is tall, and also armed with a macuahuitl. The shield design is adapted from Steve’s Balagan.
GRoup shot

This group of Aztecs completes (for now) the ones that I need for the games I have planned. I have painted 109 Aztecs since April, and 32 Tlaxcalans. I have 81 Conquistadores to do next.
On my last blogpost, I got a request from fellow army builder and blogger Alex. He has a blog worth checking out called Leadbaloony – It’s a Lead Thing ~ (sorry no balloons). His painting is exquisite. Alex wanted a picture of my entire Aztec army – so I will try to comply below!



To paraphrase Chief Brodie in Jaws, I’m gonna need a bigger boat box!

Thanks for looking at these and following this journey. I hope to get going on the Conquistadores and some Things from the Basement terrain (from the Lost Archipelago collection) I just ordered from Badger Games.
I hope you stay with me as I round the corner on his project! These will be in games, some even virtually. As always, let me know your thoughts and ideas about these figures. Stay safe!
Miscellaneous details and references for those interested in that sort of thing:
Posts on games, units, and other projects for my 16th Century Spanish Conquest supplement for Feudal Patrol™ – “Civilizations Collide”
- Montezuma and Chieftains – Wargames Foundry #AZ011 for Feudal Patrol (this post) – 6 Aztec figures (Montezuma, 4 Chieftains, 1 Warrior Priest)
- Aztec Shock Troops – Cuachic Warriors aka The Shorn Ones – 8 Aztec cuachicqueh warriors
- Tloxtoxl and the Priests of the Great Temple, Wargames Foundry AZ021 – 2 warrior priests, 1 priestess, 1 priest, 1 leader, and 1 signaler
- Civilizations Collide – The Wars of the Aztecs, the Inca, the Maya, and the Conquistadores is now available as a FREE Download for Feudal Patrol™ – plus a Feudal Patrol™ review!
- 18 Aztec Novice Warriors for Feudal Patrol Walk into a Bar – 18 Novice Warriors
- Aztec Warrior Priests (painted as Tlaxcalans), Ral Partha 42-302, circa 1988 (this post) – 6 figures – 6 Tlaxcalan Warrior Priests
- Tlaxcalan Novices, Elite Warriors, and Command Group – 18 figures – 8 Novice Tlaxcalan Warriors, 8 Elite Tlaxcalan Warriors, 1 Tlaxcalan Captain, 1 Tlaxcalan Conch Blower
- Tlaxcalan Archers – 8 Veteran Tlaxcalan Archers
- Aztec Game for Feudal Patrol across thousands of miles – via Zoom!
- Aztec Snake Woman and Drummer – 1 Aztec General, 1 Aztec Drummer
- A June and July Jaguar Warrior Frenzy (plus some Aztec Veterans and a Warrior Priest to Boot) – 3 Aztec Veteran Warriors, 17 Jaguar Warriors, 1 Aztec Warrior Priest
- Doubling Down – Aztec Veteran Warriors – 24 Aztec Veteran Warriors
- Aztec Arrow Knights, Ral Partha circa 1988 – 6 Aztec Arrow Knights
- Aztec Eagle Warriors from Tin Soldier UK – 6 Aztec Eagle Knights
- Aztec Novice Warriors and a few Frinx – 12 Novice Warriors
Total figures to date for this project: 141 figures: 109 Aztecs, 32 Tlaxcalans, 0 Spanish Conquistadores
PAINTS, INKS, GLAZES, SHADES, WASHES, PIGMENTS, FLOCKING, GLUES AND MORE THAT I USED ON THESE AZTEC FIGURES:
- Gorilla Glue
- 1/8″ x 1″ Everbilt Fender Washers
- Poster tack
- Vallejo “Surface Primer – White Primer”
- Vallejo “Flow Improver”
- Vallejo “Airbrush Thinner”
- Testors “Universal Acrylic Thinner”
- Citadel “Nuln Oil” (shade)
- Army Painter “Tanned Flesh”
- Vallejo Model Air “Weiss” (off-white)
- Vallejo Game Air “Black”
- Vallejo Game Color “Bronze Fleshtone”
- Vallejo Model Color “Sunny Skin Tone”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Volupus Pink”
- Citadel Air “Evil Sunz Scarlet”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Darkoath Flesh”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Contrast Medium”
- Army Painter “Flesh Wash” (wash)
- Green stuff (kneadatite)
- Styrene tube
- Styrene card
- Plastruct Bondene Styrene and Plastic Solvent/Cement
- Paper clips
- Reaper MSP “Black Primer”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Blood Angels Red”
- Battlefront “Chocolate Brown”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Ultramarines Blue”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Plaguebearer Flesh”
- Citadel “Auric Armour Gold”
- Vallejo Game Ink “Blue”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Warp Lightning”
- Citadel “Nuln Oil GLOSS” (wash)
- Vallejo Game Ink “Yellow”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Terradon Turquoise”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Apothecary White”
- Vallejo “Gloss Varnish”
- Citadel Air “Balor Brown”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Gore-Grunta Fur”
- Vallejo Game Ink “Green”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Wyldwood”
- Citadel “Drakenhof Nightshade” (shade)
- Vallejo Model Color “Glossy Black”
- Army Painter “Red Tone”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Snakebite Leather”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Cygor Brown”
- Vallejo Game Ink “Red”
- Citadel “Agrax Earthshade” (shade)
- Citadel “Flayed One Flesh”
- Battlefront “Wool Brown”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Iyanden Yellow”
- Citadel “Contrast Paint – Talassar Blue”
- Vallejo Game Air “Dead White”
- E6000 Epoxy
- Elmer’s PVA Glue
- Army Painter “Brown Battlefields” (flocking)
- Vallejo “Dark Yellow Ochre” (pigment)
- Vallejo “Burnt Umber” (pigment)
- Citadel “Steel Legion Drab”
- Citadel “Tallarn Sand”
- Citadel “Karak Stone”
- Americana “Desert Sand”
- Vallejo Mecha Varnish “Matt Varnish”
- Army Painter “Meadow Flowers” (flocking)
- Army Painter “Grass Green” (flocking)
That’s a great set of figures. I’m particularly impressed by your work on the cloak border, and making up the drum. Fine additions to your Aztecs!
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Thanks Tarmor, glad you liked them.
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Another nice bit of history Mark and some lovely looking minis too. Some great freehand going on as well. Like the pattern on the cloak and the detailed work on the shields is top too. A neat little conversion and a drum top it all off nicely. Oh and thanks for the shout out. 🙂
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Well, if I am behind on blog post reading the least I can do is give a shout out to the ones I have read and do inspire me like yours. Glad you liked the figures and the post.
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Excellent command figures to round off this army Mark, the history is fascinating and very well researched.
The flayed skin dilemma is an interesting one, from my own research I’ve found it depends on the original skin tone, and how the skin is treated, if you look at the exposed skin on mummies it’s very brown, while Egyptian skin tones are a lot lighter, so probably has a lot to do with the embalming process they used. When you see cadavers the skin tone is several tones lighter than in life, and you do see a green hue to the skin, hence the large use of green in zombie models. My recipe for flayed skin, is to mix a small dab of green into the flesh tone I would be aiming for, and then paint as I would normally for skin, remembering to add the same amount of green into the highlight colours, the only layer I don’t add green to is the wash. Hope this helps
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Thanks Dave, that sounds like a great recipe for flayed flesh. I have not painted zombies or other undead before (except skeletons), so I appreciate the discussion. I did not want to go just tan/yellowish and I did not want to approach Herman Munster (color version) either. Thanks for the input and happy you liked the history too.
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Excellent work, Mark!
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Thanks Buck, we will be gaming with them hopefully soon
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MAAATE!!! What a way to round out the project, and wow, I do love me a good army pic 🙂
All the lil mans are individually brill of course, but quantity really does have a quality all of its own. Wonderful job mate – the research, the attention to detail, the artistry, all superb & I’ve enjoyed every bit of this project.
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Well Alex, I’m nothing if not loyal to my blog followers and their requests. So, mission accomplished!
Good news is that the Spanish are next, so there’s that. In the longer run, I guess the Maya, Inca, and others could be added. Thanks for the feedback and hope that I keep you enjoying this little blog.
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Mark,
Yes, as Buck said, Excellent
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Thanks buddy, you started me off so many moons ago
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Stunning simply stunning! mate, beautiful freehand work on that cloak and a smashing bit of greenstuff work on the drum too (don’t ever tell me you cant sculpt!!).
This whole project has been a joy to read and look at, and you saved the absolute best till last in my opinion!
Cheers Roger.
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Thanks Roger – really appreciate that (though with regards to sculpting I bow before the master – that’s you). Though I do admit watching the stuff you sculpt is inspiring to be sure, so it’s partly due to you. Plus, you and our community motivate me to do more and do better, so cheers to you Roger!
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All very nice, Mark, and a very fitting set of leaders for your Aztec army! 🙂 And it’s useful knowing that Dave Stone is the subject matter expert on flayed skin, although I doubt I’ll need his advice! 😉
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Thanks John – and yes Dave is helpful indeed. Though you might want to paint some undead Prussian Hussars or Zombie Japanese Bicyclists so maybe? Or paint some vehicles buttoned up and say the undead crew are hidden inside!
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Superb again Mark.
They all look fantastic ranked up together.
Cheers,
Pete.
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Cheers Pete!
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Excellent work once again, the colours and patterns make this such a striking force. Great to see them all lined up too, quite a force you’ve assembled!
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Thanks Subedai!
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Great article, I have shared your post here https://wargames-directory.com/forums/topic/montezuma-and-chieftains-wargames-foundry/
Feel free to join and share your work
Take care
Andy
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Thanks and welcome! I’ll take a look for sure, and glad that you shared my post.
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you are welcome
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It always takes me a while to read these posts, I feel like they deserve for me to find some time to just sit down and read them properly (and life being what it is that isn’t always easy!). I’m finding out all kinds of things about Aztec history though which is always really fascinating. Nice work on the models, as ever the use of bright colours and the freehand is excellent.
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Thanks Wudu, I don’t make it easier for you as my posts are not always pithy. Which makes sense as I’m not terse for the most part. But I am always pleased when readers like them and find a bit of educational and/or entertainment value that makes them worth checking out. I also fined myself trying to catch up on great blog posts (like your excellent stuff frankly) but I usually just binge and catch up. Really appreciate your being on this journey with me and onto the Conquistadores!
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I think Montezuma is my favourite too. I’ve really enjoyed seeing this project develop over the last couple of months. You’ve really outdone yourself man. I love the bold vibrant colours and the solid line work. The shield designs are awesome too. Well done Mark.
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Thanks pal! Been spending the week prepping the next phase, and really glad you’ve been enjoying it.
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Again you have captured my full attention mate with your on going talent creating these marvelous little figures, I do love the effort you have put into making the drum!
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Thanks Pat and I appreciate that. Maybe someday you’ll take on an Aztec diorama? That would be a challenge worthy of your talents for sure!
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Funny that you said that Mark as it has crossed my mind , I have purchased a few of the conquistadors so you never know now that I have more time ! 🤔🤓
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Great article, great set of miniatures and great background info! The links in the bottom a very handy! I think you painted them all well. Vibrant, good contrast and historically sensible. Your conversions and scratch-builds look just the part. Would not have guess they are not cast on.
I am currently working on some toadmen and thought of equipping them with Aztec inspired weapons. I was thinking of a cuauhololli. I will scratch-build one from styrene and brass rod, so maybe this if of interest to you.
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Thanks for looking! A cuauhololli – that would be cool to see! It’s not the most deadly looking but with your skills you could make them all!
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I am going for the less frequently used kind which looks a bit like an elongated macuahuitl.
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I think I know that one. It’s a macuahuitl but huge.
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Aye, that’s the one :).
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While all of the minis look great, the extra time and detail put into Montezuma really paid off. He looks wealthier and more important than the others, as he should! The freehand came out well and I like the bold feather colors too. It really makes these miniatures look striking.
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Of course that Aztec wealth was only earned through conquest and domination. Ironically that was to be their fate in the end. Glad you like the minis Kuribo, Merry Christmas!
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Love these bright pops of colour, really eye-catching! Also thanks for including the historical background, it’s always interesting reading.
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Glad you like them Mikko! Almost from your hobby pirate era too.
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Wow beautiful Aztec Army. I have around three hundred Aztecs to paint myself, and an Aztec pyramid from BP Laser, and at least one Maori war canoe, which has been comandeered by my Aztec army. The entire army will be displayed on the pyramid which is quite huge.
A massive undertaking I know but seeing how wonderful they can look is very inspiring. Yours is the second really well painted Aztec army I have seen, and I love the sheer explosion of colour. I’ll add a few lizardmen banners to finish mine off, just because they are very thematic, and then I gotta talk someone into buying a Spanish army.
Thanks for the wonderful inspiration Mark.
Brendan Flynn
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Thanks a lot Brendan! 300 is a lot, wish you good luck and would love to see your done. I’ll have to check out BP laser – what scale? I’m over 200 figures now including Aztecs, Tlaxcalans and Conquistadores. I’ll be getting into Aztec specific terrain afterwards and have a bunch of that to do. If you need a suggestion on Spanish, hopefully my blog has enough posts there to help.
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